ManciMann Insights

 The Rejection of Positivism to Post-Positivism  Positivism When the enlightenment took off in 18 th century, empiricism kicked in as the dominant explanation that knowledge is attainable through sense experience, during the arousal of experimental science the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience. Stimulated by the rise of experimental science, it discredited innate and priori knowledge, beliefs as well as information through mentalism (Carruthers, P., n.d. p. 65).  Now, that’s how positivistic philosophy or ideology came in. in the 19 th to the 20 th century, the dominant philosophy in the West, was that: “any system that confines itself to the data of experience and excludes a priori or metaphysical speculations. More narrowly, the term designates the thought of the French philosopher Auguste Comte   1798–1857 “( Feigl , H., 2016). This philosophic ideology movement, adopted critiques’ from Comte, who’s the father of sociology  and th

What is Postmodernism After the Second World War of 1939 to 1945, western culture took off from modernism to postmodernism, it was an emerge in western culture from art, literature, natural science, music, social sciences, communication to garments and seem to have taken off during the cold war by the 1950s and spread rapidly and known the 1970s and 1980s (Ke.J.,2007). The Second World War, was the most devastating, this led to the question of the values which had been held and human ration thought, now the society moved from the idea of self-control, now people began to be less confident on their judgments, as they had anxiety and much loss (Ke.J.,2007). Postmodernism took off as a philosophy which holds no absolute neither objective truth on moral codes, ideologies, beliefs, norms and so forth (Anon., n.d). According to Hicks. Stephen, R.C (2004.p.02-04) Postmodernism adheres to reason and power and it is militant against such collaboration of them. The problem with